Diagnosis


 * ===__Central/Neurogenic-__ Diagnosed when a lesion of the hypothalamus, infundbular stem, or posterior pituitary interferes with ADH synthesis, transport, or release.===
 * ===__Nephrogenic-__ Diagnosed when there is adequate ADH, but there is a decreased response to ADH in the kidney. Hypokalemia and hypercalcemia can lead to Nephrogenic DI.===
 * ===__Primary/Psychogenic-__Diagnosed and associated with excessive water intake, caused by a structural lesion.===

__** Diagnostic Tests **__
 * * Urine Osmolality || * ======<250 mOsm/L ======
 * ======Due to excretion of dilute urine in spite of dehydration and hypernatremia due to underproduction of ADH. This can be measured by a water restriction test common with central/ neurogenic DI. ====== ||
 * * ======Blood Osmolality ====== || * ======>300 mOsm/L. ======
 * ======Due to water loss in the urine and hemoconcentration, levels of >320 mOsm/L require immediate attention. ====== ||
 * * ======Urine Specific Gravity& Urine Electrolytes ====== || * ======Specific gravity of the first morning urine determines the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, dilute urine with high serum sodium and serum osmolarity effectively establishes the diagnoses. ====== ||
 * * ======Serum Sodium ======

|| * ======>145 mEq/L. ======
 * ======Water loss in the urine leads to hemoconcentration. ====== ||
 * * ======Water deprivation test ====== || * "This is an easy and reliable diagnostic test. Dehydration is induced by withholding fluids. Urine output is measured and tested hourly" (Wissman, 2007). ||
 * * ======Vasopressin test ====== || * ======"A subcutaneous injection of vasopressin produces a urine output with an increased specific gravity if the client has central diabetes insipidus. Thishelps differentiate central from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"( Wissman, 2007). ====== ||